VI Manufacturing, Inc. dba OptiPro Systems
6368 Dean Parkway
Ontario, NY  14580
Principal Investigator: Mr. Michael Bechtold
Phone: (585) 265-0160 Ext. 226
Topic Number: SB032-026
Proposal Title: Finishing of Conformal Optics in Hard Materials

ABSTRACT: Conformal optics is becoming increasingly important for military and commercial applications. New manufacturing methods are being developed through university, government and industry efforts. Unique finishing approaches are being investigated, some with more success than others, and each with specific limitations to overcome. Advancements in CNC motion control and multi-axis CAM Software, have greatly improved the deterministic micro grinding of atypical conformal optics. These new technologies allow once impossible shapes to be designed and transformed into machine tool code for the fine grinding process. After fine grinding, these conformal surfaces need to be highly finished while maintaining a precision surface figure. Materials such as AlON (Aluminum Oxynitride)with large grain structures, Sapphire,Spinel,deep concave surfaces, and mid spatial frequencies,render the existing finishing processes inadequate. There is a great need for a cost-effective optical finishing system for these problematic atypical conformal parts. This proposal will present the feasibility of applying a unique process for the ultra finishing of optics referred to herein as UFO. Research in the area of new compliant finishing tools utilizing a pressurized bladder concept in conjunction with removal functions, machine configuration, and optimized tool paths will be the key task areas of investigation.

MicroAssembly Technologies, Inc.
3065 Richmond Parkway
Suite 109
Richmond, CA  94806
Principal Investigator: Dr. Michael Cohn
Phone: (510) 758-2600
Topic Number: SB032-027
Proposal Title: Remote Microsystems Vacuum Packaging

ABSTRACT: Resonant MEMS sensors offer high sensitivity for military applications, and their development will address billion dollar markets for automotive, aerospace, robotics and condition-based maintenance applications. However, high-performance resonant MEMS require expensive vacuum packaging for high-Q and intimate electrical integration although MEMS and CMOS processes are quite incompatible. The proposed project addresses the largest cost component for resonant MEMS, often >95% of costs. MicroAssembly’s vacuum packaging capability has demonstrated high yields on wafer and die scale. This bonding process has been successfully used to seal MEMS in vacuum. The Phase I work will focus on achieving long vacuum lifetimes on a chip-level.

San Diego Research Center, Inc.
2831 Camino del Rio South
Suite 301
San Diego, CA 92108
Principal Investigator: Dr. Harry B. Lee
Phone: (619) 294-7372
Topic Number: SB032-028
Proposal Title: Next-Generation Modem Technology for High Threat Environments

ABSTRACT: The San Diego Research Center, Inc. (SDRC) addresses the proliferated EW threat by means of a modem with 30 to 40 dB of degrees of freedom (DOF) that can support multiple antennas. The large number of DOF can be deployed to thwart proliferated EW threats, while enabling robust, high data rate, mobile tactical communications. It is now practical to build such modems leveraging the hardware breakthroughs referenced in the solicitation. Additionally high-DOF modems can provide capacity-enhancement and diversity benefits analogous to those offered by Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) signal processing architectures for commercial wireless applications. An ideal modem would support a full range of capability from comprehensive beamforming and nulling in multipath-poor scenarios, to MIMO performance in multipath-rich scenarios. The proposed work will formulate a high-DOF modem architecture that addresses the military objective of providing high data rate, LPD/AJ, MANET communications. The architecture will support an adaptive MIMO solution that readily can be specialized for best performance in diverse tactical scenarios. The SDRC also will formulate a baseline modem design, including an estimate of hardware requirements in terms of COTS digital signal processing devices and I/O bandwidths.

SiComm
3862 Kim Lane
Encino, CA  91436
Principal Investigator: Mr. Ahmed M. ElTawil
Phone: (619) 294-7372
Topic Number: SB032-028
Proposal Title: 3-D Spread Spectrum Communication for High Threat Environments

ABSTRACT: Multiple input multiple output (MIMO) systems have attracted a large amount of research since their introduction in the mid 1990s by Gans and Foschini, boasting several orders of magnitude improvement in capacity relative to current technologies. However, the ongoing research focuses on the application of MIMO to data communications. The creative research space of applying MIMO architectures to achieve high bit rate, anti-jamming, low probability of detection/interception (AJ/LPI/LPD) systems suitable for military applications has been largely ignored. We strongly believe that an architecture combining a MIMO structure with direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) techniques is the best architecture to provide sufficient flexibility and robustness to meet the demands of modern military systems. LPI/LPD communication is enhanced due to the three dimensional randomization process in the MIMO-OFDM-DSSS algorithm. Data randomization occurs in space, frequency and time via MIMO, OFDM and DSSS, respectively. Furthermore, MIMO provides interference suppression capabilities for additional AJ protection and increases the data throughput by several orders of magnitude, which will prove invaluable in the field. SiComm is uniquely poised to leverage the extensive MIMO experience existing within its staff to develop a next generation modem for high threat environments.

Cermet, Inc.
1019 Collier Road
Suite C1
Atlanta, GA 30318
Principal Investigator: Mr. Jeff Nause
Phone: (404) 351-0005
Topic Number: SB032-029
Proposal Title: High Efficiency Green Emitter

ABSTRACT: Cermet and researchers at Georgia Institute of Technology propose a high efficiency green emitter with significantly lower defect densities compared to current state of the art. This low defect density approach will reduce non-radiative recombination centers in the emitter, enhancing brightness at the target wavelength range of 555-585 nm.

Crystal IS, Inc.
877 25th Street
Watervliet, NY  12189
Principal Investigator: Dr. Keith Evans
Phone: (518) 276-3324
Topic Number: SB032-029
Proposal Title: Ultra-High-Efficiency Deep-Green LEDs Based on Quantum-Dots on Native AlN Substrates

ABSTRACT: The proposed effort addresses the important need to develop an efficient direct emission source in the 555-585 nm (deep-green) wavelength range, corresponding to the peak photopic response of the human eye. Current limitations in extending the operating wavelengths of III-N devices beyond the blue-green region of the spectrum are overcome by combining the quantum dot approach, in which a red shift is achieved by increasing the amount of indium in the active region, and epitaxial growth on native AlN substrates, which provide for greatly reduced dislocation densities and the opportunity to utilize non-polar substrate orientations, which, in turn, may provide additional device operation efficiencies due to increase electron-hole overlap in the active region.

Dot Metrics Technologies
9005 Pleasant Ridge Road
Charlotte, NC 28215
Principal Investigator: Ms. Rosanna Stokes
Phone: (704) 604-0653
Topic Number: SB032-029
Proposal Title: Nanostructured Active Layers for Deep-Green Light Emitting Diodes (LED)

ABSTRACT: Dot Metrics Technologies’ ultimate goal is to manufacture LED heterostructures using commercial luminescent quantum dots. This SBIR will develop deep-green LEDs to support full spectrum direct-emission illumination for spectroscopy, displays, and general illumination, on military platforms and for commercial applications. Commercial high-efficiency LEDs are typically fabricated from two classes of III-V semiconductor heterostructures. III-nitride (III-N) is used for the color range from ultraviolet to blue-green, and III-arsenide-phosphide (III-AsP) for yellow to near-infrared. The human eye response peak is between III-N and III-AsP, in the “deep-green” wavelength range 555 to 585 nm, where neither material has high-efficiency emission entitlement. Thus the efficiency of white lights based on mixing colors from red, green, and blue LED sources is limited by the low efficiency of the green component. Since deep-green luminescence can be attained from commercially available quantum dots, Dot Metrics will incorporate them into novel LED heterostructures. This SBIR is focused on (1) determining optimum conditions for incorporating luminescent quantum dots into LED heterostructures, and (2) demonstrating resulting prototype green LED devices.

iControl, Inc.
1299 Parkmoor Avenue
San Jose, CA  95126
Principal Investigator: Mr. Earl F.Tubb
Phone: (408) 282-3544
Topic Number: SB032-030
Proposal Title: Application of Inexpensive Microsensors in the Battlefield

ABSTRACT: To support system level analysis and optimization for micro-sensor networks, this project will identify commercial components suitable for battlefield sensors and produce a Battlefield Sensor Network Simulation. First principal models of micro-sensors, communication algorithms, and representative threat scenarios will be developed using advanced dynamic simulation tools. Models of physical systems (i.e. threats) and micro-sensors are generated using MATRIXx simulation tools. Algorithms representing AD-Hoc network algorithms will utilize either TinyOS or an iControl protocol simulator developed for network simulations. The integrated environment will allow parametric studies of sensor distribution density, sensor communication range, threat sensor sensitivity and message passing protocol performance. Three representative sensors will be simulated for Phase I. A US Marines Tactical Remote Sensor System (TRSS) UGS, an iControl micro-sensor, and a hypothetical mid-range micro-sensor.

Orbital Research, Inc.
4415 Euclid Avenue
Suite 500
Cleveland, OH  44103
Principal Investigator: Dr. Rich Kolacinski
Phone: (440) 449-5785
Topic Number: SB032-030
Proposal Title: Design of Unattended Ground Sensors Based upon Biologically Inspired Wireless Networking and Data Fusion Algorithms

ABSTRACT: As recent experience has taught us, superior technology and sophistication is insufficient to protect our military forces from the attacks of individuals and small groups who can easily conceal themselves and deceive standard detection techniques. The danger that these attacks pose drives the need for novel approaches for their detection and identification. One approach that possesses great potential is the use of small, low power Unattended Ground Sensors (USG) networked together and cooperating with one another. This concept demands sensor and networking strategies that possess a level of flexibility, robustness and efficiency that far outstrip the capabilities of traditional techniques. In order to construct networking algorithms possessing the necessary attributes, decentralized algorithms that also address the sensor constraints are required. Nature provides numerous examples of distributed algorithms, which hold great promise for communications networking applications. Orbital Research proposes the development of a novel Intelligent Communications Architecture for a suite of networking protocols based upon group intelligence control algorithms and networking strategies for sensor networks. The proposed work will demonstrate the feasibility of an efficient and robust, spatially distributed wireless networking architecture imbued with the ability to achieve self-configuration and adaption in response to dynamically changing communications requirements and resources.

Wavetek Engineering, Inc.
2465 Centreville Road
J17 Suite 208
Herndon, VA  20171
Principal Investigator: Mr. Richard Krinsky
Phone: (703) 871-3908
Topic Number: SB032-030
Proposal Title: Application of Inexpensive Microsensors in the Battlefield

ABSTRACT: As sensor technology advances to where sensor system size has shrunk and cost has lowered, it becomes apparent that these systems can be applied in many more military situations, including attacks by individuals from hostile forces. The proliferation of sensor systems, however, calls for more discriminatory and specific evaluation of these systems. A useful tool in the evaluation of sensor systems lies in the computerized modeling of these systems, and input/output simulation by introduction of key parameters. Another tool is the empirical assessment of these systems under field-test conditions.  This proposal will define and describe some battlefield modeling/simulation techniques that would appraise sensor systems that include acoustic, magnetic, seismic, thermal, chemical, radiation and others. Methods of sensor deployment such as by air drop, projectile, vehicle and human would also be explored. Sensor specifications such as range, power requirements, communication modes and protocols will be analyzed for optimum values. Low false alarm rate of the sensors would be a key objective of these simulations. The modeling and simulation techniques, as well as subsequent empirical validation, would likely produce valuable information on sensor system groups, resulting in improved system design and deployment, and therefore more effective human and asset protection.

Busek Co, Inc.
11 Tech Circle
Natick, MA  01760
Principal Investigator: Mr. Thomas R.Brogan
Phone: (508) 655-5565
Topic Number: SB032-031
Proposal Title: The RVMHD-A Re-entry Air Driven MHD Power Supply

ABSTRACT: In SBIR Topic SB032-031, DARPA has identified its interest in power generation on a re-entry vehicle using the air encountered by the vehicle as the working fluid for the generator. In response, this Proposal, based on an extensive 1964-1968 USAF program to develop a high power Electronic Countermeasures (ECM) re-entry vehicle using a 450 kilowatt MHD generator driven by the re-entry heated air is submitted. Busek staff served as Principal Investigator for most of this USAF program. Detailed Technical Reports from this program were declassified in late 2002. The proposed Phase I is a logical continuation of the USAF program which achieved significant progress toward the goal of using MHD to generate high levels of power on a re-entry vehicle. In Phase I, analytical techniques will be updated and three different re-entry scenarios employing MHD will be studied. US test facilities capable of supporting a Phase II RV MHD prototype test program will be identified and characterized. The Proof of Concept (POC) RV MHD demonstrator will be designed, and the Phase II Test Plan and POC Performance estimates will be prepared. Phase II should lead directly to a RV MHD prototype. MIT Fusion Center will be our subcontractor for the development of the appropriate magnet.

Cellular Materials International, Inc.
2015 Ivy Road
Suite 6
Charlottesville, VA  22903
Principal Investigator: Dr. Yellapu V. Murty
Phone: (434) 977-1405
Topic Number: SB032-031
Proposal Title: Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Multifunctional Structures for Space Re-entry Vehicles

ABSTRACT: Cellular Materials International, Inc. (CMI) proposes to develop and manufacture a prototype structural panel for testing and further optimization incorporating multifunctional features with structural stability at elevated temperature, thermal protection, and addressable magnetic elements. Local magnetic fields can be tailored to control the flow in the conductive boundary layer; control may be used to delay the transition from laminar to turbulent flow and prevent excessive premature heating of the vehicle surface. Similar concepts can later be used to design larger MHD devices for power generation or virtual control surfaces. CMI's proprietary designs and manufacturing know how will be incorporated in designing these MHD Tiles.

Physical Sciences, Inc.
20 New England Business Center
Andover, MA  01810
Principal Investigator: Mr. John F. Kline
Phone: (609) 580-0080
Topic Number: SB032-031
Proposal Title: A Smart Skin Array for Reconfigurable Hypersonic MHD Effects

ABSTRACT: Research Support Instruments, Inc. (RSI), with the aid of Princeton University , proposes to use an innovative sensor/actuator package to provide a critical component for multifunctional hypersonic vehicle structures. An integrated array of microfabricated pressure sensors and ionizers will provide a “smart skin” atop a reconfigurable magnetic array. The high-bandwidth sensors will detect development of instabilities or other changes in the flow, and the ionizers will compensate by increasing the local conductivity, and thereby the MHD-generated body force. The sensor/actuator array will use an elegant approach: the same membranes and same transmission structures will be used for pressure sensing, electron beam windows, fiber optics, high voltage lines, and pumping. This will keep the system completely integrated: sensors and actuators will be interchangeable in arrays that will provide precision flow control. The MEMS-based “smart skin” arrays will be of great interest in next-generation hypersonic and space access strike craft. These arrays will allow vehicle designs to be optimized for criteria other than aerodynamic performance while maintaining extremely rapid response times. This investigation will demonstrate the “smart skin” concept and develop the knowledge and technologies needed for Phase II experiments. This will allow for Phase II experiments with large scale arrays.

CFD Research Corp.
215 Wynn Drive
5th Floor
Huntsville, AL  35805
Principal Investigator: Dr. Andrzej J. Przekwas
Phone: (256)726-4800 Ext. 4815
Topic Number: SB032-032
Proposal Title: Multiscale Model of Lung Injury and Personnel Protection from Blast Overpressures in Confined Areas

ABSTRACT: A high fidelity multiscale computational biophysics toolset will be developed to simulate the blast wave propagation throughout a fully defined model of the human thorax and lung alveoli. Medical imagery data, such as MRI and CT, will be used to create a 3D geometry and computational mesh model of the thorax. A Hierarchical Adaptive Mesh Refinement (HAMR) approach, developed to model the blast wave propagation within urban environments, will be modified to account for the thorax/lung tissue material properties and wave propagation physics. The displacement and shear work performed by the wave on alveolar and vascular capillary bed will be used to derive a first-principles based lung injury model, which will be correlated with experimental data. The model will be validated against experimental animal data of blast wave injury. Several new concepts of chest protective composites will be investigated and optimized. The effectiveness of protective measures will be evaluated within the fully defined thorax/confined space model framework. Phase II will; extend the model to other organs via dynamic structural mechanics models, investigate physiologically based sub-models, including multi-scale models of vasculature and pulmonary structure, validate the models to a series of experiments, and develop a virtual prototyping framework of blast injury protection armor.

MD Biotech, Inc.
511 Burrough Street
5th Floor
Morgantown, WV  26505
Principal Investigator: Dr. Lance Molnar
Phone: (304) 598-1101
Topic Number: SB032-032
Proposal Title: Ocular Scanning Instrumentation Diagnosis of Induced Trauma from Thermobaric Weapon Detonation

ABSTRACT: US military warfighters are in critical need of technologies/equipment which provide expedient, reliable and non-invasive diagnostic capabilities to aid in the evaluation and treatment of battlefield trauma. By providing quick and accurate diagnosis of the type and extent of trauma, such equipment would allow warfighters to more rapidly assess and implement the most effective course of action. Of particular concern are soldiers exposed to thermobaric blasts or other factors that may cause internal trauma within the theater of operation. Early diagnosis of internal trauma induced by a primary blast wave via a field-deployable, rapid, and non-invasive technique will provide an invaluable tool in the subsequent success of treating such conditions. The current Phase I proposal seeks to establish and validate the feasibility of using ocular biomarkers for the diagnosis/detection of specific, unapparent internal traumas resulting from overpressure exposure. Eventually, algorithms which quantitatively evaluate the determined biomarkers may be incorporated into our Ocular Scanning Instrumentation (OSI) technology. The OSI technology has thus far been developed around the capability of diagnosing exposure to chemical and biological threat agents. The resulting system will serve as an early-diagnostic system for theater of operation casualty assessment based upon generalized information obtained from ocular biomarkers.

Sciperio, Inc.
5202 N. Richmond Hill Road
Stillwater, OK  74075
Principal Investigator: Dr. Anatoly M. Kachurin
Phone: (405) 624-5751
Topic Number: SB032-032
Proposal Title: Surrogate Lung Tissue as a Platform to Test TBX Weapons

ABSTRACT: The goal of this proposal is the production of a designer engineered tissue construct (ETC), a surrogate lung patch-like structure, which will be used to assess the damage induced by thermobaric (TBX) weapons. The information garnered from surrogate-lung-patch tests will be used to help devise effective countermeasures against TBX weapons as well as to reduce the need for costly and often controversial animal studies. The result of this work will be the development of an enabling technology platform that will create new material “patches” not only as surrogate constructs to test TBX blasts, but also as regenerative constructs for a variety of lung damages that may result from TBX blasts.

Active Signal Technologies, Inc.
13027A Beaver Dam Road
Cockeysville, MD  21030
Principal Investigator: Dr. Keith Bridger
Phone: (202) 547-0293
Topic Number: SB032-033
Proposal Title: Pulse Width Modulated Servo Valve Enabled by Single Crystal Piezoelectric

ABSTRACT: Active Signal Technologies and Moog propose to demonstrate a solid state pulse width modulated pilot stage for a servo valve enabled by single crystal PMN-PT. The basic mechanism and labor intensive fabrication processes used to build conventional servo valves remain largely unchanged since the device was launched in 1951, resulting in high cost and limited bandwidth. A digitally controlled valve has been long sought but has not materialized because of the limitations of available drivers -- low frequency capability of magnetic torque motors and solenoids, and stroke limitations of "high strain" solid state materials such as Terfenol and PMN. However, the advent of single crystal PMN-PT with over 2 times the strain of conventional solid state materials and low hysteresis can supply the 10X bandwidth improvement needed to realize a truly digital valve. The new servo valve will not only be smaller and low cost, but will be more readily integrated with digital control, especially for adaptive structural control using distributed actuation. In Phase I we will build a working pilot stage valve and demonstrate its switching speed capability, and in Phase II we will develop a fully integrated high speed servo valve using this technology.

CSA Engineering, Inc.
2565 Leghorn Street
Mountain View, CA  94043
Principal Investigator: Dr. Sean O. Fahey
Phone: (650) 210-9000
Topic Number: SB032-033
Proposal Title: Piezoelectric Single Crystal Hybrid Actuators

ABSTRACT: The feasibility of a device that exploits the key properties of piezoelectric single crystals will be demonstrated. The device is a power-by-wire hybrid actuator incorporating a piezoelectric pump. The actuator will be effective in shipboard applications and in UUVs or UAVs that use conventional control surfaces or more exotic morphing control. The actuator will benefit directly from high strains, high electromechanical coupling and high energy density typical of single crystal materials. The single crystals will contribute to significantly increased efficiency and power density in the core piezoelectric pump, resulting in an actuator that exceeds the power density of electric motors. By leveraging ongoing developments in DARPA’s Compact Hybrid Actuator Program, this research will make a directly relevant comparison with devices that use conventional smart materials. It will also use hardware, analyses and test techniques already developed to accelerate progress. A single pump-based hybrid actuator will be designed and tested against mechanical loads representative of control surfaces. The benefits of the single crystal material will be quantified in terms of increased power output per unit mass and volume. In Phase 2, CSA and its large shipbuilding industrial partner, will develop the actuation further and test it in a full scale system.

TRS Ceramics, Inc.
2820 East College Avenue
State College, PA  16801
Principal Investigator: Dr. Paul W. Rehrig
Phone: (814) 238-7485
Topic Number: SB032-033
Proposal Title: Single Crystal Piezoelectric Actuators for Adaptive Structures

ABSTRACT: Single crystal piezoelectric actuators are proposed as a means of significantly increasing the stroke of a smart actuator to control the trailing edge flap of a helicopter rotor for vibration control and noise suppression. Conventional piezoelectric ceramic actuators have exhibited inadequate levels of stroke and/or force required to produce an angle of rotation of ±8° at 40 Hz. Single crystals based on (1-x)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-xPbTiO3 (PMN-PT) represent a revolutionary advance in piezoelectric actuator technology. These materials exhibit 5 to 10 times the strain of conventional ceramic piezoelectrics with equivalent deliverable force. Therefore, they offer a much broader design space for adaptive systems than is currently available with ceramic actuators, active fiber composites, electric motors or magnetic devices. The objectives of this project are: 1) to fabricate complete actuators of three leading actuator types using new single crystal piezoceramic material technology. Specifically, a d33 stack, and d32 bender, and a d15 induced shear tube will be addressed, 2) to measure and characterize piezo-coupling coefficients under electromechanical conditions representative of smart rotor and airframe applications, 3) to conduct a performance analysis quantifying the projected gains in actuation capability given the measured single crystal element characteristics.

ATC - NY
33 Thornwood Drive
Suite 500
Ithaca, NY  14850
Principal Investigator: Dr. David Guaspari
Phone: (607) 257-1975  
Topic Number: SB032-035
Proposal Title: SPRINT: Secure Programming Using Artificial Intelligence Techniques

ABSTRACT: To meet the demand for more “intelligent” applications—in web services, enterprise software, network management, etc.—developers are turning to the AI technique of rule-based programming. But the very things that make rule-based programming attractive—its flexibility, its introduction of complex and dynamically changing control structures—raise serious security concerns. ATC-NY, in collaboration with Architecture Technology Corporation (ATC), will develop SPRINT, a tool to support secure programming in the rule-based language CLIPS. SPRINT can be thought of as a sophisticated type-checker for a modest extension of CLIPS. The extensions, which take the form of structured comments, provide a way for programmers to indicate more precise constraints on intended execution, and thereby provide “checkable hints” to SPRINT. A program that passes SPRINT type checks will have eliminated many potential security flaws. Since CLIPS is broadly similar to many other rule-based languages, we expect that the techniques and principles developed in this work will be generally applicable.

Coverity
3723 Haven Avenue
Suite 113
Menlo Park, CA  94025
Principal Investigator: Dr. Andy Chou
Phone: (650) 980-3408
Topic Number: SB032-035
Proposal Title: Secure Programming Using Artificial Intelligence Techniques

ABSTRACT: Through this project, Coverity will demonstrate the effectiveness of automated source code analyses in improving the security and reliability of critical software. Coverity will develop and apply source code analysis checks that will automatically detect common causes of security vulnerabilities, such as buffer overflows, as well as application-specific security problems in various critical code bases. Coverity will also detect other types of software defects, including memory and resource leaks, which affect overall reliability.Although the idea of source code analysis is not new, the tools that have come to market are prohibitively difficult to use or fail to scale to the size of commercial applications. Coverity’s solutions successfully overcome these barriers with novel, state-of-the-art technology. The prototype for Coverity’s patent-pending source code analysis technology was originally developed by a team of researchers in the Computer Systems Lab at Stanford University . Initial applications of this technology in the research setting resulted in the successful detection of over 2000 defects and hundreds of exploitable security holes in the Linux and OpenBSD operating systems. Coverity’s current analysis engine uses interprocedural data-flow analyses coupled with sophisticated abstraction techniques that may be used to uncover a wide range of software defects including:
· Security holes
· Buffer overruns
· Memory corruption
· Memory/Resource leaks
· Deadlocks and race conditions
· API misuse
· Violations of coding standards
Unlike other tools that have surfaced over the years, Coverity’s solution scales to millions of lines of code, achieves 100% path coverage, and requires no manual modifications or testing. Coverity’s technology can pinpoint hundreds to thousands of critical defects out of the box with orders of magnitude less noise than other source code analysis tools. A unique feature of Coverity’s tool is its extensibility. Company specific rules, custom security policies, or errors detected by QA can be easily turned into checks that can be plugged into the analysis platform. Furthermore, statistical learning and data mining techniques can be used to automatically retarget the tool to different code bases with differing coding conventions, styles and idioms.

GrammaTech, Inc.
317 N. Aurora Street
Ithaca, NY  14850
Principal Investigator: Dr. Paul Anderson
Phone: (607) 273-7340
Topic Number: SB032-035
Proposal Title: Static Analysis of AI Systems

ABSTRACT: Toolkits for Artificial Intelligence (AI) are increasingly being used in government and industry. If such systems have access to sensitive information, it is important to know their security properties. A toolkit may contain low-level flaws, such as buffer-overrun errors that allow an attacker to gain control of the host system. Or, there may be flaws in the rule base of a system implemented with the toolkit that allow unauthorized access to sensitive information. We propose the detailed study of the security properties of CLIPS, a widely used expert-system shell in two parts. The first part will be a detailed analysis of the source code of the system using static analysis tools and other methods to find low-level flaws. The second part will be a study of the CLIPS language and the exploration of static and dynamic approaches to create secure CLIPS programs. A promising approach is to model the CLIPS system as a weighted push down system, and to use model-checking techniques to implement a range of security analyses, including termination analysis and information flow. The results will include a design for a tool to be prototyped in Phase II, and guidelines on how to write a secure CLIPS specification.

Fetch Technologies
4676 Admiralty Way
10th floor
Marina del Rey, CA  90292
Principal Investigator: Dr. Greg Barish
Phone: (310) 448-9148
Topic Number: SB032-037
Proposal Title: Advisable Web Assistant for Extraction of Time-Critical Information

ABSTRACT: We will develop an advisable, self-learning “assistant” capable of monitoring, extracting and assessing data from multiple heterogeneous sources. The system, called InTIME (Intelligent Trainable Information Monitoring and Extraction system) will be built on top of the Fetch Agent Platform, a commercial system for building and executing software agents that extract and integrate data from Web sites. Through the use of machine learning, users can train the system to extract data from Web sites “by example.”We plan to extend our existing machine learning approach so that a user can train the system to learn what information is valuable, why it is valuable, and how and when to notify the user when new information is available.

RealTime Methods
NASA Ames Research Center
MS 566-108
Moffett Field, CA  94035
Principal Investigator: Mr. Kevin Yurica
Phone: (650) 944-7594
Topic Number: SB032-037
Proposal Title: Advisable Information Agent for Real-time Data Monitoring

ABSTRACT: This research is focused on the development of an advisable agent platform that performs real-time information monitoring using machine learning techniques. This advisable agent is based on an approach which combines reinforcement learning with data flow-based analysis methods. The machine learning model proposed relies on prior knowledge, reinforcement learning and vector-based data analysis techniques. Relying on advice, a knowledge-based application is easily configured with an initial knowledge set which is then incrementally improved using rules, advice and induction. These machine learning capabilities are integrated with a real-time data analysis model which supports data filtering, extraction and monitoring for items of interest. This foundation for time-critical event processing and time series data analysis is derived from a data stream perspective that abstracts a series of discovery, delivery or learning events as a data flow. This data flow processing model may ultimately result in a number of potential benefits including; efficiency, scalability, and ease of deployment.

Stottler Henke Associates, Inc.
951 Mariner's Island Blvd.
Suite 360
San Mateo, CA  94404
Principal Investigator: Mr. Terrance Goan
Phone: (206) 545-1478
Topic Number: SB032-037
Proposal Title: Exploiting Diverse Forms of Advice to Guide the Discovery and Extraction of Time-Critical Information

ABSTRACT: We propose to address the primary challenges to the timely distillation of time-critical data into actionable information by exploiting the synergies amongst information discovery, extraction, and fusion processes. The proposed advisable assistant concept, Sentinel, will be comprised of three primary elements: (1) a user centered approach to context modeling and agent guidance; (2) a unified probabilistic model of information discovery/retrieval, extraction, and fusion; and (3) a predictive model of "interestingness", including representations of time criticality that will effect if, when, and how the user should be alerted. The resulting system will reduce existing barriers to the tasking of an agent through user interfaces that integrate into existing problem solving workflows and through the exploitation of active learning techniques that can make optimal use of any (potentially imperfect) guidance provided by the user. Further, the use of tightly intertwined probabilistic models in which discovery, extraction, and fusion decisions are made with a common pool of evidence and inference procedures will allow much richer forms of inference than possible with the current state of the art. Phase I research and development of a limited prototype will provide a solid foundation for the complete implementation of Sentinel in Phase II and its commercialization.

Advanced Interfaces, Inc.
403 S. Allen Street
Suite 104
State College, PA  16801
Principal Investigator: Dr. Rajeev Sharma
Phone: (814) 867-8977
Topic Number: SB032-038
Proposal Title: Non-intrusive Multimodal Emotional State Monitoring

ABSTRACT: This SBIR Phase I proposal will conduct an exploratory study to establish the feasibility of a multimodal framework for monitoring the emotion of a person using an non-intrusive sensor suite that includes video, audio, and thermal sensing. This will lead to the development of a portable gauge for robustly monitoring the emotional state of people in operational environments. The following five dynamic features will be considered in the multimodal framework: (a) facial expression, (b) facial temperature distribution, (c) facial perspiration pattern, (c) head movement, (d) hand gesture, and (e) speech prosody. It is expected that the multimodal features will give greater visibility and a more accurate estimate of the emotional state than the observation of any one feature, especially in situations involving suppression of expression. The proposed research will be carried out by a multidisciplinary team from Advanced Interfaces, Inc., Artis, LLC, and the University of Pittsburgh .

Genex Technologies, Inc.
10605 Concord Street
Suite 500
Kensington, MD  20895
Principal Investigator: Dr. Jason Geng
Phone: (301) 962-6565 Ext. 101
Topic Number: SB032-038
Proposal Title: A Novel Integrated Emotional State Recognition System Using 3D Imaging and Thermal Analysis

ABSTRACT: A critical drawback of existing automatic facial expression classification, gesture analysis, and emotional state recognition technology is the lack of integrated and complimentary measurement modalities to perform reliable cognitive and emotional state assessment in operational environment. The purpose of this SBIR is to develop a novel, integrated sensor that incorporates three sensing modalities for the human face and body. This unprecedented capability adds one more dimension, literally and figuratively, to state-of-the-art emotional state recognition technology. To the best of our knowledge, there is no research effort or commercial product available today that is able to achieve this capability, at any cost.

Li Creative Technologies
225 Runnymede Parkway
New Providence, NJ  07974
Principal Investigator: Dr. Qi Li
Phone: (908) 508-0239
Topic Number: SB032-038
Proposal Title: Robust and Sequential Recognition of Emotional States Using Hidden Markov Models and Integrated Speech, Video, and Thermal Features

ABSTRACT: This proposal defines unique and promising solutions for robust and sequential emotional and stress state recognition in military operational environments. The solutions are non-invasive, multi-modality approaches, including speech, video, and thermal images. The feature sets are selected automatically based on the operational environments. For example, when the environment is too noisy, the system focuses on image features; when the lighting condition is too bad, it focuses on speech features; when both acoustic and lighting conditions are good, the system uses both speech and image features. This will provide the military with a degree of system versatility and allow broad applications to many operational scenarios. Multi-layer hidden Markov models are defined as the statistical models to characterize the emotional states. The recently developed sequential detection algorithm is proposed to detect the changes from one emotional state to another. Furthermore, a multi-modality database will be collected to study the feasibility of detecting at least the following emotional states in this project: anger, drowsiness, anxiety, fear, confusion, disorientation, and frustration. The new feature extraction and recognition algorithms will be developed and implemented through this project to discriminatively recognize those states. The developed system will be portable and can be operated in military environments automatically and continuously.

Advanced Scientific Concepts, Inc.
2020 Alameda Padre Serra
Suite 123
Santa Barbara, CA  93103
Principal Investigator: Dr. Roger Stettner
Phone: (805) 966-3331
Topic Number: SB032-039
Proposal Title: Ultra-Compact, High Range-Resolution LADAR for the Individual Soldier

ABSTRACT: Using ASC’s current 128 x 128 3-D imaging system, off-the-shelf optics and in-house compact laser designs a demonstration LS3DIS will be configured and tested. Practical issues will be addressed, and data will be used to tune a system performance model. System trade studies will be made using this model. The LS3DIS ReadOut Integrated Circuit will be a 320 x 320 to 400 x 400 unit cell array and the associated unit cell will be designed, simulated and laid out in Phase I. In Phase II a full-scale or nearly full-scale ROIC will be fabricated and this ROIC, together with the Phase I system analysis, will be the basis for fabrication and testing of a LS3DIS compact system for delivery to DARPA.

Sensors Unlimited, Inc.
3490 U.S. Route 1
Building 12
Princeton, NJ  08540
Principal Investigator: D. J.C. Dries
Phone: (609) 524-0257
Topic Number: SB032-039
Proposal Title: An Ultra-Compact, Man-Portable FLASH Laser Radar system

ABSTRACT: Sensors Unlimited will develop and deliver a portable flash laser radar system in the eye-safe 1.54 micron wavelength band. The system will consist of an InGaAs avalanche photodiode based focal plane array with a novel in-pixel digitized architecture. The system will display range and return intensity data for 320x256 pixels across a 40 degree field of view. The maximum number of laser shots required to image a 40 degree field of view for all 320x256 pixels using a compact 4 mJ 1.54 micron laser source will be four. During Phase I we will develop the single pixel readout integrated circuit architecture to accommodate both the range resolution and intensity goals. The pixel will be modeled and fabricated using the MOSIS prototyping service in Phase I. During Phase II, the fabricated pixel will be evaluated, and spun into a full 320x256 or scanned 320x64 focal plane array as dictated by the modeling in Phase I. We will field test the camera in a “flash LADAR” system that is man portable with a minimum 4 mJ, < 5 ns pulse eye-safe laser that is suitable for transport by a single soldier.

Systems & Processes Engineering Corporation (SPEC)
101 West Sixth Street
Suite 200
Austin, TX  78701
Principal Investigator: Mr. Brad Sallee
Phone: (512) 479-7732 Ext.2122
Topic Number: SB032-039
Proposal Title: Individual Soldier LADAR (ISL)

ABSTRACT: The Systems and Process Engineering Corporation (SPEC) will develop the Individual Soldier LADAR (ISL) which will use a proven high accuracy phase detected range circuit to determine range profiling to 1/8-inch accuracy. This circuit allows the ISL to operate as a Class I eye-safe device and still achieve the needed range. The ISL also utilizes ultra short pulse lengths, allowing improved signal to noise level, while still maintaining eye safety and low power dissipation. By carefully choosing the operating frequency of the ISL with respect to the other sensor suite frequencies of the Multispectral Adaptive Networked Tactical Imaging Sensor (MANTIS) system, the ISL output can be fused with the MANTIS sensors to provide sharp discrimination of plants, rocks, painted objects, and advanced camouflaged targets. A display of the three dimensional shape, not distorted by perceived shadows or patterns, allows targets to be easily interpreted. The ISL concept is based on the L-VAS (LADAR Vehicle Alignment System), which uses low cost thumb size LADAR¡¦s with 3mm range resolution yielding the ILS for individual soldier use with up to 3mm range resolution, .5km range, and a field of view up to 90„a at video imaging rates (30Hz).

Braim Image Tech, Inc.
9700 Dixie Highway
Suite 1030
Miami, FL  33156
Principal Investigator: Mr. Craig M. Snoeyink
Phone: (305) 361-5459
Topic Number: SB032-040
Proposal Title: Novel Airborne Video Sensors

ABSTRACT: Current generation of panoramic imaging systems are based on three types of technologies: 1) Catadioptric sensors, as in omni-directional cameras, using combination of lenses and mirrors in a carefully arranged configuration relative to a standard camera; 2) Alignment of single-line scans or strips as a single camera rotates; 3) Alignment of images from multiple cameras with negligible baselines relative to scene distance, each camera covering a small section of the entire view.This project explores the multi-camera design to achieve super-resolution panoramic motion imagery for UAV deployment. Among several attractive advantages, including simplicity, flexibility, reconfigurability, and robustness of the design, this is a solution based on a low-cost technology. A detailed investigation of various design parameters and how they impact system performance (accuracy, resolution, and achievable frame rate) for target detection and tracking, visually-guided positioning, and terrain mapping from UAVs are investigated. The deliverables comprise performance graphs and charts where critical system parameters can be identified, configurations most suitable for targeted applications at multitude of operational altitudes can be chosen based on quantitative measures, and guidelines are established for system design and construction in the 2nd phase, which also involves the deployment for collecting real data (onboard suitable UAVs).

Vexcel Corp.
1690 38th Street
Boulder, CO  80301
Principal Investigator: Dr. Jeffery D. Collins
Phone: (303) 583-0228
Topic Number: SB032-041
Proposal Title: Bistatic Target and Clutter Characterization for ISR Radar Systems

ABSTRACT: Vexcel proposes to make measurements and perform analysis regarding monostatic-bistatic equivalence phenomenology using a unique data set that has not been considered in the past for this purpose. Almost simultaneously acquired bistatic and monostatic imagery along the bistatic bisector direction will be compared. Comparison results will be analyzed so as to understand the implication of the monostatic/bistatic equivalence theorem on using “virtual phase centers” as components in clutter-cancellation moving target detectors. A new means of target detection through the exploitation of the breakdown of monostatic-bistatic equivalence will be investigated.

AETC, Inc.
8910 University Center Lane
Suite 900
San Diego, CA  92122
Principal Investigator: Dr. Donald Miklovic
Phone: (858) 450-1211 Ext. 236
Topic Number: SB032-042
Proposal Title: Passive Broadband Acoustic Imaging Network for Urban Warfare

ABSTRACT: The current situation in Iraq is making it extremely clear that the urban environment is a chaotic and dangerous battlespace. Currently available technology cannot provide the level of real-time situational awareness needed by each individual soldier. DARPA has determined that Sparse Conformal Acoustic Network (SCAN) technology, or soldier-worn acoustic-array “vests,” is a potential solution to this problem. AETC proposes to utilize its expertise in this area to demonstrate the utility, practicality, and affordability of the SCAN concept. The proposed work focuses on the development of a low-cost, high-gain acoustic array and associated algorithms that will improve the ability to hear and recognize distant sounds by an order-of-magnitude. This will be an important advance over today’s state-of-the-art that is limited to small microphone arrays of only a few sensors, and processing designed for sound-quality enhancement and automatic speech recognition. Our approach emphasizes experimental measurements of the critical unknowns effecting design and performance of SCAN, and on actual demonstration of limited capability, low-cost prototypes. The final product will be a preliminary system design and experimental demonstration of feasibility and performance.

Cardinal Research LLC
860 Lathrop Drive
Stanford, CA  94305
Principal Investigator: Dr. Bernard Widrow
Phone: (650) 857-9151
Topic Number: SB032-042
Proposal Title: Wearable Sparse-Conformal-Acoustic-Networks for Tracking & ID of Urban Targets

ABSTRACT: The objective of the proposed research is to develop wearable acoustic array technology to enable a wirelessly connected squad of soldiers in an urban battlefield to detect, localize, track, and categorize acoustic target signals. The goal is to give foot soldiers real-time situation awareness, thereby assisting them in attacking enemy targets while avoiding ambush, unintentional civilian casualties, and friendly-fire accidents. Each soldier will be equipped with a conformal acoustic array connected to an adaptive filtering network for localization and enhancement of speech and other acoustic signatures buried in noise. Each soldier will thus become a ``node'' in a wireless smart sensor network. The acoustic information will be shared among neighboring nodes of the network. Each soldier will wear a fast computer to process his or her acoustic data, to supply processed data for wireless transmission to neighboring nodes, and to generate a display showing the location and identification (friend or foe) of surrounding acoustic targets.The research proposed for Phase I consists of seven tasks whose objectives are to develop and demonstrate a single SCAN node, to conceptualize an eight-node SCAN system for development under Phase II, and to provide written monthly progress reports and a final report.

CodeTronix LLC
5940 Buena Vista Avenue
Oakland, CA  94618
Principal Investigator: Dr. Per Ljung
Phone: (510) 282-1108
Topic Number: SB032-043
Proposal Title: Handshake Circuits for RHBD Systems

ABSTRACT: Fault-tolerant synchronous handshaking circuits are synthesized that avoid, detect and recover from radiation induced faults. This approach is suitable for commercial deepsubmicron CMOS processes. Every computation uses error detecting codes. If a computation output shows no errors, then handshaking signals are asserted allowing data and control information in preceding and following nodes to propagate. If an error is detected, then recovery is attempted by re-trying the computation. If the fault was a glitch, then the re-try is successful. If a re-try is unsuccessful, then a permanent fault is assumed and the computation is re-tried on a redundant hardware module(s). Once the computation shows no errors, then the handshaking signals are asserted as in normal operation. Since all circuits use delay insensitive handshaking circuits, no other circuits are effected by the extra time required to recover from the fault. No checkpoints or rollback re-initialization are needed since handshaking is utilized. As a result, the use of handshake circuits provides an efficient low-cost error recovery mechanism for CMOS circuits.

Lynguent, Inc.
P. O. Box 19325
Portland, OR  97280
Principal Investigator: Dr. Martin Vlach
Phone: (971) 242-1410
Topic Number: SB032-043
Proposal Title: Hierarchical CAD Tools for Radiation Hardened Mixed Signal Electronic Circuits

ABSTRACT: The objective of the Phase I proposal is to show feasibility of the modeling and simulation of electro-radiation effects using an application programming interface (API) based approach. The techniques used in the demonstration will be:
* Behavioral modifications of a standard MOS model.
* Automated VHDL-AMS code generation from the modeling tool.
* The use of a well-defined API to an AMS simulator.
* Automated insertion of faults enabled by the API.
* The concept of analog assertions.
* Reporting and summary of the observed results.

Mixed Technology Associates, LLC
2600 El Camino Real
Palo Alto, FL  94306
Principal Investigator: Dr. Klas Lilja
Phone: (650) 493-6729
Topic Number: SB032-043
Proposal Title: Hierarchical CAD Tools for Radiation Hardened Mixed Signal Electronic Circuits

ABSTRACT: Mixed Technology Associates propose a Phase I project to explore a new method of automating the synthesis of rad-hard-by-design analog circuits. A powerful new technique for the automatic optimization of analog circuits, maximizing a number of simultaneous goals under a variety of simultaneous constraints, has recently been developed. Optimal ADCs, DACs, OpAmps, and PLLs have been synthesized using the method and the technique has been commercialized. The key to the new method is the formulation of objective functions and constraint functions in a particular mathematical formulation suitable for geometric programming. MTA believes that the constraints imposed by radiation hardness can be introduced into this framework, and can become an integral part of the design process. This phase I proposal would develop the formulation of goal functions and constraint functions for radiation sensitivity of MOSFETs and CMOS analog circuits. The methodology for fitting such functions to the technology will also be developed. If the procedure is successful, it will be extended to a range of analog components, including PLLs, VCOs and ADCs, in a phase II proposal, and circuit designs optimized for radiation hardness will be demonstrated using the new technique.

Orora Design Technologies, Inc.
17371 NE 67th Court
Suite 205
Redmond, WA  98052
Principal Investigator: Mr. Monte Mar
Phone: (425) 702-9196
Topic Number: SB032-043
Proposal Title: Hierarchical CAD Tools for Radiation Hardened Mixed Signal Electronic Circuits

ABSTRACT: Orora Design Technologies proposes to develop and demonstrate a behavioral-modeling-centric design flow and supporting CAD tools for the automated analysis, synthesis and migration of radiation-hardened mixed-signal integrated circuits and systems, based on IEEE standard VHDL-AMS. Parasitic-aware behavioral modeling methods and models will be developed to characterize radiation effects on circuit blocks, interconnect and layout structures. Orora will develop tools for encapsulating and quantifying known techniques for rad-hard circuit layout and architecture, as well as tools to predict routing sizing adjustments needed for radiation induced events. The existing Orora Arsyn tool suite will be extended to support hierarchical synthesis through topology selection under radiation, physical, and electrical constraints through parameterized VHDL-AMS netlists. VHDL-AMS facilitates simultaneous simulation and evaluation of electrical, thermal, and radiation effects, and encapsulation of design knowledge for rad-hard process migration. Teaming up Boeing Solid State Electronics, the proposed design flow and tools will be validated and demonstrated on some military electronic designs.

Ridgetop Group, Inc.
7070 North Oracle Road
Suite 120
Tucson, AZ  85704
Principal Investigator: Mr. Mark Rencher
Phone: (520) 742-3300 Ext. 104
Topic Number: SB032-043
Proposal Title: Hierarchical CAD Tools for Radiation Hardened Mixed Signal Electronic Circuits

ABSTRACT: Currently available RF/Mixed Signal design kits and tools do not provide the necessary precision to accurately predict integrated circuit performance when exposed to total ionization dose (TID), single event effects (SEE) and prompt dose (PD) environments. Specifically, the parametric variation of key performance indicators (KPI) is not accounted for at the device modeling, circuit and system levels. Current engineering practices use adhoc and unpredictable methods to converge on a product KPI¡¦s. This adhoc method is generally referred to as ¡§silicon bread boarding¡¨. The results is multiple design/manufacturing/test passes to converge on the KPI satisfaction with process distributions and environmental (Voltage, Temp, TID, SEE, PD) distributions. Financially, the current adhoc method produces up to fifteen million dollars ($15M) in cost over runs, loss profits and delayed projects. To rectify the current adhoc approach, a precision, robust modeling and characterization methodology based on statistical methods is proposed. This statistical Rad Hard by Design solution provides the necessary accuracy to predict KPI parametric performance with in the process distributions and environmental (Voltage, Temp, TID, SEE, PD) specifications.The two principle methodologies [1] employed in the Rad Hard by Design kit are „h Correct by design„h Correct by construction Correct by design are the techniques where electrical characteristics are described by geometric and statistical process parameter relationships. Correct by construction is the techniques where the geometric relationships defined in the correct by design methodology are used to create the physical descriptions.

Canyon Semiconductor
3925 W. Braker Lane
Austin, TX  78759
Principal Investigator: Dr. Craig W. Farley
Phone: (512) 305-0970
Topic Number: SB032-044
Proposal Title: Wide Bandgap Semiconductor Materials and Devices

ABSTRACT: The research project proposed to DARPA in this document will investigate novel device structures for maximizing the linear power density of microwave and mmwave GaN HFET transistors by examining innovative device structures to improve thermal management. These innovative structures will include device layouts, epitaxial layer structures, and device fabrication processes. This investigation will involve theoretical evaluation of thermal and EM characteristics of innovative structures using state-of-the-art simulation tools. Innovative device structures, including both one- and two-dimensional arrays will be investigated to determine the most effective in minimizing the operating temperature differences of transistor elements in these arrays. EM simulations will be carried out on the device structures to assess limitations on operating frequency. After a clear assessment of the thermal management and operating frequency capability, innovative approaches to minimizing any limitations on operation at mmwave frequencies will be investigated, including novel biasing schemes. The primary objective of this Phase I proposal is to define device structures which afford the maximum linear power density at both microwave and mmwave frequencies for GaN HFET device technology. Phase I activities will be followed by experimental evaluation of the most promising approaches at L-, X-, and V-band for GaN HFET power transistors.

Crystal IS, Inc.
877 25th Street
Watervliet, NY  12189
Principal Investigator: Dr. Jon Whitlock
Phone: (518) 276-3325
Topic Number: SB032-044
Proposal Title: Preparation of ultra-low defect AlN surfaces for OMVPE

ABSTRACT: Now that very low defect density (<1,000 dislocations per sq. cm.) native AlN substrates are available from Crystal IS, it may be possible to realize nitride device applications with high Al content where low defect densities are critical.. However, to realize this potential, a systematic effort to provide improved and reliable surface preparation of aluminum nitride substrates prior to the OMVPE growth of nitride epitaxial layers is needed. This need will be addressed by the proposed effort.

INTRINSIC Semiconductor Corp.
22660 Executive Drive
Suite 101
Sterling, VA  20166
Principal Investigator: Dr. Cengiz Balkas
Phone: (703) 437-4000 Ext.12
Topic Number: SB032-044
Proposal Title: Wide Bandgap Semiconductor Materials and Devices

ABSTRACT: Development of ultra pure silicon carbide (SiC) substrates that are electrically insulating will be pursued under the SBIR Phase I program. The Company has developed a unique and proprietary technique for making such substrates. A number of characterization tasks will also be performed on the wafers produced under to proposed effort.

INTRINSIC Semiconductor Corp.
22660 Executive Drive
Suite 101
Sterling, VA  20166
Principal Investigator: Dr. Nikolay Yushin
Phone: (703) 437-4000 Ext.14
Topic Number: SB032-044
Proposal Title: Wide Bandgap Semiconductor Materials and Devices

ABSTRACT: Development of high quality 4H silicon carbide (SiC) substrates will be pursued under the SBIR Phase I program. The Company has developed a unique and proprietary technique for making such substrates. A number of characterization tasks will also be performed on the wafers produced under to proposed effort

Magellus Corp.
1406 Camp Craft Road
Suite 800
Austin, TX  78746
Principal Investigator: Dr. Russell D. Dupuis
Phone: (512) 947-4623
Topic Number: SB032-044
Proposal Title: Advanced HFET Devices and Circuits for High-Performance, High-Reliability RF Electronics

ABSTRACT: In this program, Magellus will employ metalorganic chemical vapor deposition and novel device processing technologies to develop large-area III-nitride HFET devices and RF circuits that are capable of operation at high frequencies (above 20GHz), high powers and power densities (above 10W total power and 10W/mm power density), and high temperatures (above 300C). Magellus has developed several unique nitride HFET device structures that will be employed in this program. One important application for these devices will be the realization of high-performance transmit/receive RF circuits for high-efficiency radar systems. The theoretical performance of the novel Magellus HFET device structures is estimated to be at least a factor of three above the best values for nitride HFETs currently reported in the literature. By using novel AlGaN/GaN HFET device designs (developed in an MDA-sponsored Phase I STTR program recently completed by Magellus) combined with the use of proprietary novel device passivation procedures (initial work performed under a second MDA Phase I SBIR which Magellus has recently completed) and Ohmic contact designs, we will develop high-performance RF power devices, which will be incorporated into high-power RF circuits in Phase II of this SBIR.

SemiSouth Laboratories
One Research Blvd.
Suite 201B
Starkville, MS  39759
Principal Investigator: Dr. Jie Zhang
Phone: (662) 324-7607
Topic Number: SB032-044
Proposal Title: Thick SiC Epitaxy Development for MegaWatt Switching Applications

ABSTRACT: In this proposed work, methods to increase the growth rate for thick, low-doped drift region epilayers required for MW power switch devices are examined. Changing the process parameters (carrier and feed gas ratios, gas flow rates, pressure, temperature) to increase the growth rate are balanced with keeping process parameters such that surface morphology is not compromised is the primary goal of this work. Additionally, maintaining dopant control, low background impurity, and the possibility of closing micropipe defects are examined to maintain the quality of the thick epitaxy layers. This work is done in a horizontal configuration reactor, designed for SiC epitaxy growth.

Technologies and Devices International, Inc.
12214 Plum Orchard Drive
Suite 201B
Silver Spring, MD  20904
Principal Investigator: Dr. Vladimir Dmitriev
Phone: (301) 572-7834
Topic Number: SB032-044
Proposal Title: Novel low-cost technology for UV LEDs based on HVPE grown AlGaN structures

ABSTRACT: Historically, hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE) was the first technique to produce high quality thick GaN epitaxial layers. Resent progress in growing of multi-layer structure by HVPE in TDI make it possible to develop this technique to fabricate multi-layer GaN- AlxGa1-xN and AlxGa1-xN -AlyGa1-yN heterostructures for light emitting diodes (LEDs) in UV spectral range with operating wavelength up to 280 nm. Additionally, TDI is going to clarify possibility to growth AlGaN-based structure capable of 230 nm light emission. Currently, only metal organic vapor phase deposition is employed to III-V nitride devices production including light emitters and high-power microwave devices. HVPE is another epitaxial method known to deposit high quality GaN layers and AlGaN-GaN heterostructures. Recently, we demonstrated multilayer AlGaN/GaN/AlGaN p-n structures grown by this method on SiC substrates. Operated wavelength under current injection was varied from 340 to 350 nm. The results obtained give us opportunity to develop a new method of the AlGaN materials growth on sapphire substrates based on HVPE technology. Phase I objective is to prove the concept and demonstrate GaN-AlGaN structures grown on 2 inch sapphire by HVPE and suitable for UV LEDs fabrication. In the Phase II TDI will focus on the development of manufacturing technology for UV LED's.

Anvik Corp.
6 Skyline Drive
Hawthorne, NY  10532
Principal Investigator: Dr. Marc Klosner
Phone: (914) 345-2442
Topic Number: SB032-045
Proposal Title: Maskless Nanolithography with Sub-Pixel Resolution for Microelectronics and Biomolecular Devices

ABSTRACT: Maskless technology capable of sub-100 nm patterning is attractive for manufacturing of many microelectronic and biomolecular devices. In numerous military applications, the number of different types of electronic modules required is large, whereas the quantities needed of each type of module are small, making the mask costs prohibitive. Previous maskless lithography approaches of imaging a spatial light modulator array by a reduction lens are fundamentally limited in resolution by an individual micromodulator size and put great demands on the projection lens. Thus, a maskless technology would be highly desirable that overcomes the basic limitation of the micromodulator pixel size (14-16 µm) and the projection lens reduction ratio (100-200), and is configurable as a massively parallel scanning system, thereby delivering moderate throughputs (2-10 wafers (200 mm) per hour) at very high resolutions (50-100 nm). This proposal presents such a technology: a novel sub-pixel maskless nanolithography system that provides the capability to pattern very high-resolution features without using a physical mask; enables rapid programmability of the patterns to be imaged for quick prototyping and moderate-volume production; and provides high-throughput imaging on large areas. This system will be attractive for numerous military as well as commercial applications in microelectronics and biotechnology.

Lumarray LLC
60 Vassar Street
Building 39, Room 427
Cambridge, MA  02139
Principal Investigator: Dr. Henry I. Smith
Phone: (617) 253-6865
Topic Number: SB032-045
Proposal Title: Maskless Lithography for Fabrication of Microelectronics with 100 nm Features

ABSTRACT: We propose to investigate the feasibility of achieving a throughput of at least one 200 mm diameter wafer per hour, while incorporating a sub-200nm wavelength source into a maskless lithography system of the Zone-Plate-Array Lithography architecture. We will evaluate sources at 193, 157, 121, 13 and 4.5 nm, as well as a variety of sub-200 nm lamp sources.

Physical Optics Corp.
Electro-Optics & Holography Division
20600 Gramercy Place
Building 100
Torrance, CA  90501
Principal Investigator: Dr. Tin M. Aye
Phone: (310) 320-3088
Topic Number: SB032-045
Proposal Title: Subwavelength Maskless All-Light Lithographic System  

ABSTRACT: DARPA is seeking tools to fabricate advanced semiconductor devices with 100 nm features without the need for masks, avoiding the high front-end fixed costs associated with photomask fabrication. Current processes for producing features smaller than the wavelength of the light require complex mask structures anad phase shift masks, and have low yield. To overcome these limitations and meet the DARPA requirements, Physical Optics Corporation (POC) proposes to develop a new and cost-effective Subwavelength Maskless All-Light Lithographic (SMALL) system based on near-field nanobeam array direct-writing, capable of writing beyond the diffraction limit at 100 nm or less, at a rate of several wafers per hour. In Phase I POC will fabricate a SMALL system to demonstrate feasibility of maskless lithography for subwavelength resolution without bulky vacuum charged-particle systems. In Phase II POC will develop a prototype that shows the feasibility of writing features 100 nm and smaller at a rate of several wafers per hour.

Agility Communications, Inc.
475 Pine Avenue
Santa Barbara, CA  93117
Principal Investigator: Dr. Michael Larson
Phone: (805) 690-1762
Topic Number: SB032-046
Proposal Title: Adaptive Self-Monitoring of Widely-Tunable Universal WDM Transmitter

ABSTRACT: A widely tunable universal wavelength-division-multiplexed (WDM) transmitter will be a key technology for advanced battlespace platforms requiring the interconnection of a large number of sensors, data processors, and data storage equipment. In such a dynamic WDM network, wavelengths are allocated to carry specific signals, adapting continuously to the information traffic conditions and the status of each piece of equipment. Semiconductor laser sources, capable of rapid and accurate programmable wavelength switching or sweeping functionality independent of a fixed frequency grid, address both the communications needs of dynamic WDM networks as well as the optical sensor units themselves and their transparent integration into the network. Requirements of sub-picometer absolute wavelength accuracy and low noise over harsh ambient conditions place stringent demands on transmitter performance that can be guaranteed only with extensive self-monitoring and feedback control within the transmitter module itself. We propose a complementary suite of self-monitoring technologies for widely tunable transmitters that targets three key areas: laser wavelength, laser noise, and transmitter noise. These self-monitoring techniques allow robust dynamic networks to be deployed in which digital signals, analog signals, and optically interrogated analog signals can be transmitted simultaneously to interconnect heterogeneous network elements.

Infinera Corp.
1322 Bordeaux Drive
Sunnyvale, CA  94089
Principal Investigator: Dr. Radha Nagarajan
Phone: (408) 572-5433
Topic Number: SB032-046
Proposal Title: Uncooled, Full C-Band, Multi-Wavelength DWDM Transmitter enabled by Adaptive Self-Monitoring

ABSTRACT: This project uses adaptive self-monitoring to enable uncooled operation in a harsh environment of a full C-band, wavelength selectable, multi-wavelength DWDM transmitter. The program will utilize novel sensors integrated into the transmitter module to intelligently monitor and provide feedback to adaptively and independently control the key parameters of the transmitter array. The design will operate over a wide temperature range (0 to 70C) without the use of a thermo-electric cooler (TEC). Phase I will research the feasibility of the approach, including design of sensing elements and appropriate algorithms, experimental verification of sensor concepts and temperature effects on device performance and reliability, and initial design and modeling to create the uncooled Photonic Integrated Circuit (PIC). Phase II will include detailed design and fabrication of the sensors and uncooled PIC, packaging of these devices, and adaptive algorithm development to ensure optimum transmitter performance over the full temperature range.

Agave BioSystems, Inc.
P.O. Box 80010
Austin, TX  78708
Principal Investigator: Dr. Mehran Pazirandeh
Phone: (607) 272-0002
Topic Number: SB032-047
Proposal Title: Biological Degradation of Chemical Agents

ABSTRACT: Current methods used for the destruction of CW agents are cumbersome, require extensive capital equipment such as incinerators and water reactors and pose potential environmental problems themselves. A novel approach for the destruction of CW agents involves genetically engineering microorganisms to produce recombinant enzymes that can efficiently degrade CW agents. Such a system would allow these toxic compounds to be efficiently degraded to harmless products. There are a number of advantages to a biological based system for degrading CW agents. First, a properly designed biological system would be easy to use by non-science personnel, such as Special Operation units of the armed forces. Also, a biological-based system would be cost effective because it would be self-generating, and due to their catalytic nature, each enzyme molecule can degrade many molecules of a CW agent. Agave BioSystems proposes to develop a biologically based system for the efficient and safe destruction of CW agents, particularly the non-volatile persistent substances such as VX. This effort involves the development of a genetically engineered microbial system based on the efficient CW degrading enzyme organophosphate hydrolase (OPH).

TransMembrane Biosciences
145 North Sierra Madre Blvd.
Suite # 5
Pasadena, <